JDBC CallableStatement 使用范例

JDBC CallableStatement 对象用来调用数据库存储过程。

1. 存储过程范例

DELIMITER $$

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS `EMP`.`getEmpName` $$
CREATE PROCEDURE `EMP`.`getEmpName` 
   (IN EMP_ID INT, OUT EMP_FIRST VARCHAR(255))
BEGIN
   SELECT first INTO EMP_FIRST
   FROM Employees
   WHERE ID = EMP_ID;
END $$

DELIMITER ;

2. CallableStatement 使用范例

//STEP 1. Import required packages
import java.sql.*;

public class JDBCExample {
   // JDBC driver name and database URL
   static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";  
   static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/EMP";

   //  Database credentials
   static final String USER = "username";
   static final String PASS = "password";
   
   public static void main(String[] args) {
   Connection conn = null;
   CallableStatement stmt = null;
   try{
      //STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
      Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");

      //STEP 3: Open a connection
      System.out.println("Connecting to database...");
      conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);

      //STEP 4: Execute a query
      System.out.println("Creating statement...");
      String sql = "{call getEmpName (?, ?)}";
      stmt = conn.prepareCall(sql);
      
      //Bind IN parameter first, then bind OUT parameter
      int empID = 102;
      stmt.setInt(1, empID); // This would set ID as 102
      // Because second parameter is OUT so register it
      stmt.registerOutParameter(2, java.sql.Types.VARCHAR);
      
      //Use execute method to run stored procedure.
      System.out.println("Executing stored procedure..." );
      stmt.execute();

      //Retrieve employee name with getXXX method
      String empName = stmt.getString(2);
      System.out.println("Emp Name with ID:" + 
               empID + " is " + empName);
      stmt.close();
      conn.close();
   }catch(SQLException se){
      //Handle errors for JDBC
      se.printStackTrace();
   }catch(Exception e){
      //Handle errors for Class.forName
      e.printStackTrace();
   }finally{
      //finally block used to close resources
      try{
         if(stmt!=null)
            stmt.close();
      }catch(SQLException se2){
      }// nothing we can do
      try{
         if(conn!=null)
            conn.close();
      }catch(SQLException se){
         se.printStackTrace();
      }//end finally try
   }//end try
   System.out.println("Goodbye!");
}//end main
}//end JDBCExample

3. 编译运行

现在来编译上面的例子：

C:>javac JDBCExample.java
C:>

当运行JDBCExample，它会产生以下结果：

C:>java JDBCExample
Connecting to database...
Creating statement...
Executing stored procedure...
Emp Name with ID:102 is Zaid
Goodbye!
C:>

默认情况下 JDBC 事务处于自动提交模式，每个 SQL 语句都是在完成时自动提交到数据库。在有些场景下，我们可能想关闭自动提交和管理自己的事务。1. 提交和回滚：一旦已经完成了变化，要提交更改，然后调用 commit（在连接对象）方法。2. 使用保存点：JDBC 保存点的接口提供了额外的事务控制。设置一个保存点就是在事务中定义一个逻辑回滚点。如果发生错误，则可以使用 rollback 方法来撤消到上一个保存点。