Python IP地址

IP地址(Internet协议)是一种基本的网络概念，可在网络中提供地址分配功能。python模块ipaddress广泛用于验证IP地址并将其分类为IPV4和IPV6类型。它还可以用于比较IP地址值以及用于处理ip地址的IP地址算法。

1. 验证IPV4地址

ip_address函数验证IPV4地址。如果值的范围超出0到255，则将引发错误。

# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Codebaoku
# Author by : www.codebaoku.com
# Date : 2020-08-25
print (ipaddress.ip_address(u'192.168.0.255'))
print (ipaddress.ip_address(u'192.168.0.256'))

当运行上面的程序时，得到以下输出：

 
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Codebaoku
# Author by : www.codebaoku.com
# Date : 2020-08-25
192.168.0.255
 ValueError: u'192.168.0.256' does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 address

2. 验证IPV6地址

ip_address函数验证IPV6地址。如果值的范围超出0到ffff，则将引发错误。

# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Codebaoku
# Author by : www.codebaoku.com
# Date : 2020-08-25
print (ipaddress.ip_address(u'FFFF:9999:2:FDE:257:0:2FAE:112D'))
 #invalid IPV6 address
 print (ipaddress.ip_address(u'FFFF:10000:2:FDE:257:0:2FAE:112D'))

当运行上面的程序时，得到以下输出：

# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Codebaoku
# Author by : www.codebaoku.com
# Date : 2020-08-25
ffff:9999:2:fde:257:0:2fae:112d
 ValueError: u'FFFF:10000:2:FDE:257:0:2FAE:112D' does not appear to be an IPv4 or IPv6 address

3. 检查IP地址的类型

我们可以提供各种格式的IP地址，并且该模块将能够识别有效格式。它还将指示它是IP地址的类别。

# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Codebaoku
# Author by : www.codebaoku.com
# Date : 2020-08-25
print type(ipaddress.ip_address(u'192.168.0.255'))
 print type(ipaddress.ip_address(u'2001:db8::'))
 print ipaddress.ip_address(u'192.168.0.255').reverse_pointer
 print ipaddress.ip_network(u'192.168.0.0/28')

当运行上面的程序时，得到以下输出：

 
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Codebaoku
# Author by : www.codebaoku.com
# Date : 2020-08-25
255.0.168.192.in-addr.arpa
 192.168.0.0/28

4. IP地址比较

可以对IP地址进行逻辑比较，以确定它们是否相等。还可以比较一个IP地址的值是否大于另一个IP地址的值。

 
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Codebaoku
# Author by : www.codebaoku.com
# Date : 2020-08-25
print (ipaddress.IPv4Address(u'192.168.0.2') > ipaddress.IPv4Address(u'192.168.0.1'))
 print (ipaddress.IPv4Address(u'192.168.0.2') == ipaddress.IPv4Address(u'192.168.0.1'))
 print (ipaddress.IPv4Address(u'192.168.0.2') != ipaddress.IPv4Address(u'192.168.0.1'))

当运行上面的程序时，得到以下输出：

 
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Codebaoku
# Author by : www.codebaoku.com
# Date : 2020-08-25
True
 False
 True

5. IP地址算术

还可以应用算术运算来操纵IP地址。可以在IP地址中添加或减去整数。如果相加后最后一个八位位组的值超过255，则前一个八位位组将递增以容纳该值。如果多余的值不能被任何先前的八位位组吸收，则将引发值错误。

 
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Codebaoku
# Author by : www.codebaoku.com
# Date : 2020-08-25
print (ipaddress.IPv4Address(u'192.168.0.2')+1)
 print (ipaddress.IPv4Address(u'192.168.0.253')-3)
 # Increases the previous octet by value 1.
 print (ipaddress.IPv4Address(u'192.168.10.253')+3)
 # Throws Value error
 print (ipaddress.IPv4Address(u'255.255.255.255')+1)

当运行上面的程序时，得到以下输出：

 
# Filename : example.py
# Copyright : 2020 By Codebaoku
# Author by : www.codebaoku.com
# Date : 2020-08-25
192.168.0.3
 192.168.0.250
 192.168.11.0
 AddressValueError: 4294967296 (>= 2**32) is not permitted as an IPv4 address

将IP地址转换为可读格式或单词后，便称为域名。域名到IP地址的转换由python模块dnspython管理。该模块还提供了查找CNAME和MX记录的方法。1. 查找“ A”记录在下面的程序中 ...