YUI事件体系之Y.Do
YUI团队在种种场合不断的夸耀自己的事件体系是多么强大:
- YUI 3′s Event module is one of the strengths of the library --Eric Miraglia, YUI Theater — Luke Smith: "Events Evolved"
- YUI 3 is not all about DOM manipulation — it also contains a robust set of class/object management tools, not to mention our powerful custom events --Tilo Mitra, 10 Things I Learned While Interning at YUI
- One of the strengths of the YUI App Framework is that it's integrated tightly with the rest of YUI and benefits from YUI's fantastic event system and plugin/extension infrastructure. --Ryan Grove, How can I decided whether to choose YUI 3's MVC or Backbone for a new project?
事实的确如此吗?就使用YUI的开发者反馈来看,应该是不错的:
- AFAIK YUI 3's event system is the most sophisticated of any JavaScript framework. Am I wrong in thinking that? --Walter Rumsby
- I love the event system in YUI. Pure awesomeness. --Kevin Isom
- I am constantly impressed by the degree of excellence I find in working with the YUI3 framework --Andrew Wooldridge, Cross YUI Communication and Custom Events
作为一名YUI用户,我对其事件体系的强大深有体会。从本篇文章起,我将对YUI事件机制做一个全面分析。
本次我们介绍的是比较基础的两个对象Y.EventHandle和Y.Do。千里之行积于跬步,YUI整套事件机制也是从这两个对象开始构筑的。
Y.EventHandle
Y.EventHandle的作用很简单:注销事件/消息监听。
Y.EventHandle = function (evt, sub) { this.evt = evt; // 事件对象 this.sub = sub; // 监听对象 }; Y.EventHandle.detach = function () { this.evt._delete(this.sub); // 执行event对象的_delete方法,注销事件/消息监听 return true; };
Y.Do
Y.Do的作用是:向对象方法前面或者后面插入其它方法(前置、后置方法),以达到动态修改对象行为的目的。这种方式,也称作AOP。
示例
让我们先来看个简单的例子:
// 例1 YUI().use('event-custom', function (Y) { var cat = { eat: function () { console.log('eat a fish'); } }; cat.eat(); // output: eat a fish var beforeHandle = Y.Do.before(function () { console.log('catch a fish'); }, cat, 'eat'); var afterHandle = Y.Do.after(function () { console.log('done!'); }, cat, 'eat'); cat.eat(); // output: catch a fish, eat, done! afterHandle.detach(); cat.eat(); // output: catch a fish, eat });
在不修改原对象方法的基础上,可以方便的添加前置、后置方法,并且注销这些方法也很容易。Y.Do非常漂亮的解决了我们动态修改对象方法的需求!很难想象,如果不用Y.Do代码会复杂成怎样。
源代码分析
接下来,让我们看看YUI的内部实现吧。这是多么有趣的事,就像小时候买把手枪,想不明白为什么可以射击,就砸开一看究竟。
为了更容易的看懂代码的核心,我做了适当的简化,感兴趣的朋友可以去看未删节的源码。
// 代码版本为YUI3.4.1,YUI3.5.0对Y.Do的实现有所改进 var DO_BEFORE = 0, DO_AFTER = 1; Y.Do = { // 缓存处理对象 objs: {}, before: function (fn, obj, sFn) { return this._inject(DO_BEFORE, fn, obj, sFn); }, after: function (fn, obj, sFn) { return this._inject(DO_AFTER, fn, obj, sFn); }, _inject: function (when, fn, obj, sFn) { var id = Y.stamp(obj), o, sid; if (!this.objs[id]) this.objs[id] = {}; o = this.objs[id]; if (!o[sFn]) { // 创建保存对象、方法名的Method对象 o[sFn] = new Y.Do.Method(obj, sFn); // 修改对象方法 obj[sFn] = function () { return o[sFn].exec.apply(o[sFn], arguments); }; } sid = id + Y.stamp(fn) + sFn; // 注册插入方法 o[sFn].register(sid, fn, when); // 返回EventHandle对象,方便注销 return new Y.EventHandle(o[sFn], sid); } } Y.Do.Method = function (obj, sFn) { this.obj = obj; this.methodName = sFn; this.method = obj[sFn]; this.before = {}; this.after = {}; }; Y.Do.Method.prototype.register = function (sid, fn, when) { if (when) { this.after[sid] = fn; } else { this.before[sid] = fn; } }; // 注销插入方法 Y.Do.Method.prototype._delete = function (sid) { delete this.before[sid]; delete this.after[sid]; }; Y.Do.Method.prototype.exec = function () { var before = this.before, after = this.after, i, ret; // 执行插入前面的方法 for (i in before) { if (before.hasOwnProperty(i)) { ret = before[i].apply(this.obj, arguments); } } // 执行原方法 ret = this.method.apply(this.obj, arguments); // 执行插入后面的方法 for (i in after) { if (after.hasOwnProperty(i)) { ret = after[i].apply(this.obj, arguments); } } return ret; };
适用场景
a) 动态修改对象方法
请参照例1。
b) 动态修改原型方法
原型也是对象,所以,另外一个适用场景就是修改原型方法。
// 例2 YUI().use('event-custom', function (Y) { function Car(brand) { this.brand = brand; }; Car.prototype.start = function () { console.log('start'); }; var myCar = new Car('bmw'); Y.Do.before(function () { console.log('open the door'); }, Car.prototype, 'start'); Y.Do.after(function () { console.log('the car is started!'); }, Car.prototype, 'start'); myCar.start(); // output: open the door, start, the car is started! });
c) 动态修改宿主方法
为宿主对象添加插件时,插件往往需要在宿主一些方法前后执行某些操作。YUI提供了一个很好的例子。
d) 动态修改被扩展对象方法
为对象添加扩展时,扩展对象往往需要在被扩展对象一些方法前后执行某些操作。YUI提供了一个很好的例子。
进阶使用
由于简化代码,省略了一些细节。Y.Do还有很多功能,例如:可以根据前置方法返回值阻止默认方法执行、替换参数等等。下面介绍一些这样的进阶使用方式:
// 例3 YUI().use('event-custom', function (Y) { function Car(brand, degree) { this.brand = brand; this.degree = degree || 0; }; Car.prototype.shift = function (degree) { console.log('change to ' + degree); }; var myCar = new Car('bmw'); // 多个前置方法 Y.Do.before(function (degree) { console.log('prepare to change'); }, Car.prototype, 'shift'); Y.Do.before(function (degree) { console.log('prepare to change again'); }, Car.prototype, 'shift'); myCar.shift(1); // output: prepare to change, prepare to change again, change to 1 // 多个后置方法 Y.Do.after(function (degree) { console.log('already change'); }, Car.prototype, 'shift'); Y.Do.after(function (degree) { console.log('already change again'); }, Car.prototype, 'shift'); myCar.shift(2); // output: ..., change to 2, already change, already change again // 中止执行 Y.Do.before(function (degree) { if (degree < 0) { console.log('halt, too low!'); return new Y.Do.Halt(); } }, Car.prototype, 'shift'); myCar.shift(-1); // output: ..., halt, too low! // 阻止默认方法 Y.Do.before(function (degree) { if (degree > 4) { console.log('prevent changing, too high!'); return new Y.Do.Prevent(); } }, Car.prototype, 'shift'); myCar.shift(5); // output: ..., prevent changing, too high!, already change, ... // 替换参数 Y.Do.before(function (degree) { var d = Math.floor(degree); if (degree !== d) { return new Y.Do.AlterArgs('degree should be a integer', [d]); } }, Car.prototype, 'shift'); myCar.shift(2.5); // output: ..., change to 2, ... // 替换返回值 Y.Do.after(function (degree) { if (degree === 0) { return new Y.Do.AlterReturn('', 'wow, your car now has no power'); } }, Car.prototype, 'shift'); var ret = myCar.shift(0); // output: ..., change to 0, ... console.log(ret); // wow, your car now has no power });
参考
- YUILibrary-Do
- YUILibrary-EventTarget
- Wikipedia-AOP
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