Rust 注释与格式化输出
注释
编译器会忽略的常规注释:
//注释一整行 /* 注释一块 */
第二类是文档注释,用于通过工具生成HTML API文档
/// 注释一整行 //! 这是 //! 一个 //! 文档注释块
格式化输出
- format! :将格式化的文本写入 String
- print! :文本打印到控制台(io :: stdout)
- println! :文本打印到控制台(io :: stdout)并换行
- eprint! :将文本输出到标准错误(io :: stderr)
- eprintln! :将文本输出到标准错误(io :: stderr)并换行
std::fmt包含许多traits控制文本显示的内容。下面列出了两个重要的基本形式:
- fmt::Debug:使用{:?}标记。格式化文本以进行调试。
- fmt::Display:使用{}标记。以更优雅,用户友好的方式设置文本格式。
fn main() { // In general, the `{}` will be automatically replaced with any // arguments. These will be stringified. println!("{} days", 31); // Without a suffix, 31 becomes an i32. You can change what type 31 is // by providing a suffix. The number 31i64 for example has the type i64. // There are various optional patterns this works with. Positional // arguments can be used. println!("{0}, this is {1}. {1}, this is {0}", "Alice", "Bob"); // As can named arguments. println!("{subject} {verb} {object}", object="the lazy dog", subject="the quick brown fox", verb="jumps over"); // Special formatting can be specified after a `:`. println!("{} of {:b} people know binary, the other half doesn't", 1, 2); // You can right-align text with a specified width. This will output // " 1". 5 white spaces and a "1". println!("{number:>width$}", number=1, width=6); // You can pad numbers with extra zeroes. This will output "000001". println!("{number:>0width$}", number=1, width=6); // Rust even checks to make sure the correct number of arguments are // used. println!("My name is {0}, {1} {0}", "Bond"); // FIXME ^ Add the missing argument: "James" // Create a structure named `Structure` which contains an `i32`. #[allow(dead_code)] struct Structure(i32); // However, custom types such as this structure require more complicated // handling. This will not work. println!("This struct `{}` won't print...", Structure(3)); // FIXME ^ Comment out this line. }
泛型运行代码作用于抽象的类型 在函数定义中使用泛型 当使用泛型来定义函数时,将泛型放在函数签名中指定参数和返回值类型的地方。 首先我们来看两个函数: fn largest_i32(list: &[i32]) ...