浅谈Python实时检测CPU和GPU的功耗

 

前言

相关一些检测工具挺多的,比如powertop、powerstat、s-tui等。但如何通过代码的方式来实时检测,是个麻烦的问题。通过许久的搜索和自己的摸索,发现了可以检测CPU和GPU功耗的方法。如果有什么不对,或有更好的方法,欢迎评论留言!

文末附完整功耗分析的示例代码

 

GPU功耗检测方法

如果是常规的工具,可以使用官方的NVML。但这里需要Python控制,所以使用了对应的封装:pynvml。

先安装:

pip install pynvml

关于这个库,网上的使用教程挺多的。这里直接给出简单的示例代码:

import pynvml
pynvml.nvmlInit()

handle = pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex(0)
powerusage = pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetPowerUsage(handle) / 1000

这个方法获取的值,跟使用“nvidia-smi”指令得到的是一样的。

附赠一个来自网上的获取更详细信息的函数:

def get_sensor_values():
  """
  get Sensor values
  :return:
  """
  values = list()
  # get gpu driver version
  version = pynvml.nvmlSystemGetDriverVersion()
  values.append("GPU_device_driver_version:" + version.decode())
  gpucount = pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetCount()  # 显示有几块GPU
  for gpu_id in range(gpucount):
      handle = pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex(gpu_id)
      name = pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetName(handle).decode()
      meminfo = pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetMemoryInfo(handle)
      # print(meminfo.total)  # 显卡总的显存大小
      gpu_id = str(gpu_id)
      values.append("GPU " + gpu_id + " " + name + " 总共显存大小:" + str(common.bytes2human(meminfo.total)))
      # print(meminfo.used)  # 显存使用大小
      values.append("GPU " + gpu_id + " " + name + " 显存使用大小:" + str(common.bytes2human(meminfo.used)))
      # print(meminfo.free)  # 显卡剩余显存大小
      values.append("GPU " + gpu_id + " " + name + " 剩余显存大小:" + str(common.bytes2human(meminfo.free)))
      values.append("GPU " + gpu_id + " " + name + " 剩余显存比例:" + str(int((meminfo.free / meminfo.total) * 100)))

      utilization = pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetUtilizationRates(handle)
      # print(utilization.gpu)  # gpu利用率
      values.append("GPU " + gpu_id + " " + name + " GPU利用率:" + str(utilization.gpu))

      powerusage = pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetPowerUsage(handle)
      # print(powerusage / 1000) # 当前功耗, 原始单位是mWa
      values.append("GPU " + gpu_id + " " + name + " 当前功耗(W):" + str(powerusage / 1000))

      # 当前gpu power capacity
      # pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetEnforcedPowerLimit(handle)

      # 通过以下方法可以获取到gpu的温度,暂时采用ipmi sdr获取gpu的温度,此处暂不处理
      # temp = pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetTemperature(handle,0)
  print('\n'.join(values))
  return values

 

CPU功耗检测方法

这个没有找到开源可以直接用的库。但经过搜索,发现大家都在用的s-tui工具是开源的!通过查看源码,发现他是有获取CPU功耗部分的代码,所以就参考他的源码写了一下。

先安装:

sudo apt install s-tui
pip install s-tui

先直接运行工具看一下效果(不使用sudo是不会出来Power的):

sudo s-tui

说明这个工具确实能获取到CPU的功耗。其中package就是2个CPU,dram是内存条功耗(一般不准,可以不用)。

直接给出简单的示例代码:

from s_tui.sources.rapl_power_source import RaplPowerSource

source.update()
summary = dict(source.get_sensors_summary())

cpu_power_total = str(sum(list(map(float, [summary[key] for key in summary.keys() if key.startswith('package')]))))

不过注意!由于需要sudo权限,所以运行这个py文件时候,也需要sudo方式,比如:

sudo python demo.py

 

sudo的困扰与解决

上面提到,由于必须要sudo方式,但sudo python就换了运行脚本的环境了呀,这个比较棘手。后来想了个方法,曲线救国一下。通过sudo运行一个脚本,并开启socket监听;而我们自己真正的脚本,在需要获取CPU功耗时候,连接一下socket就行。

为什么这里使用socket而不是http呢?因为socket更高效一点!

我们写一个“power_listener.py”来监听:

from s_tui.sources.rapl_power_source import RaplPowerSource
import socket
import json

def output_to_terminal(source):
  results = {}
  if source.get_is_available():
      source.update()
      source_name = source.get_source_name()
      results[source_name] = source.get_sensors_summary()
  for key, value in results.items():
      print(str(key) + ": ")
      for skey, svalue in value.items():
          print(str(skey) + ": " + str(svalue) + ", ")


source = RaplPowerSource()
# output_to_terminal(source)

s = socket.socket()
host = socket.gethostname()
port = 8888
s.bind((host, port))
s.listen(5)
print("等待客户端连接...")
while True:
  c, addr = s.accept()
  source.update()
  summary = dict(source.get_sensors_summary())
  #msg = json.dumps(summary)
  # package表示CPU,dram表示内存(一般不准)
  power_total = str(sum(list(map(float, [summary[key] for key in summary.keys() if key.startswith('package')]))))
  print(f'发送给{addr}:{power_total}')
  c.send(power_total.encode('utf-8'))
  c.close()                # 关闭连接

因此,在需要获取CPU功耗时候,只需要:

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
host = socket.gethostname()
port = 8888
s.connect((host, port))
msg = s.recv(1024)
s.close()
power_usage_cpu = float(msg.decode('utf-8'))

 

完整功耗分析示例代码

提供一个我自己编写和使用的功耗分析代码,仅供参考。(注意上面的power_listener.py需要运行着)

import cv2
import socket
import sys
import threading
import json
import statistics
from psutil import _common as common
import pynvml
pynvml.nvmlInit()

class Timer: 
  def __init__(self, name = '', is_verbose = False):
      self._name = name 
      self._is_verbose = is_verbose
      self._is_paused = False 
      self._start_time = None 
      self._accumulated = 0 
      self._elapsed = 0         
      self.start()

  def start(self):
      self._accumulated = 0         
      self._start_time = cv2.getTickCount()

  def pause(self): 
      now_time = cv2.getTickCount()
      self._accumulated += (now_time - self._start_time)/cv2.getTickFrequency() 
      self._is_paused = True   

  def resume(self): 
      if self._is_paused: # considered only if paused 
          self._start_time = cv2.getTickCount()
          self._is_paused = False                      

  def elapsed(self):
      if self._is_paused:
          self._elapsed = self._accumulated
      else:
          now = cv2.getTickCount()
          self._elapsed = self._accumulated + (now - self._start_time)/cv2.getTickFrequency()        
      if self._is_verbose is True:      
          name =  self._name
          if self._is_paused:
              name += ' [paused]'
          message = 'Timer::' + name + ' - elapsed: ' + str(self._elapsed) 
          timer_print(message)
      return self._elapsed   

class PowerUsage:
  '''
  demo:
      power_usage = PowerUsage()
      power_usage.analyze_start()
      time.sleep(2)
      time_used, power_usage_gpu, power_usage_cpu = power_usage.analyze_end()
      print(time_used)
      print(power_usage_gpu)
      print(power_usage_cpu)
  '''
  def __init__(self):
      self.start_analyze = False
      self.power_usage_gpu_values = list()
      self.power_usage_cpu_values = list()
      self.thread = None
      self.timer = Timer(name='GpuPowerUsage', is_verbose=False)

  def analyze_start(self, gpu_id=0, delay=0.1):
      handle = pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetHandleByIndex(gpu_id)
      def start():
          self.power_usage_gpu_values.clear()
          self.power_usage_cpu_values.clear()
          self.start_analyze = True
          self.timer.start()
          while self.start_analyze:
              powerusage = pynvml.nvmlDeviceGetPowerUsage(handle)
              self.power_usage_gpu_values.append(powerusage/1000)

              s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
              host = socket.gethostname()
              port = 8888
              s.connect((host, port))
              msg = s.recv(1024)
              s.close()
              self.power_usage_cpu_values.append(float(msg.decode('utf-8')))

              time.sleep(delay)
      self.thread = threading.Thread(target=start, daemon=True)
      self.thread.start()

  def analyze_end(self, mean=True):
      self.start_analyze = False
      while self.thread and self.thread.isAlive():
          time.sleep(0.01)
      time_used = self.timer.elapsed()
      self.thread = None
      power_usage_gpu = statistics.mean(self.power_usage_gpu_values) if mean else self.power_usage_gpu_values
      power_usage_cpu = statistics.mean(self.power_usage_cpu_values) if mean else self.power_usage_cpu_values
      return time_used, power_usage_gpu, power_usage_cpu


power_usage = PowerUsage()
def power_usage_api(func, note=''):
  @wraps(func)
  def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
      power_usage.analyze_start()
      result = func(*args, **kwargs)
      print(f'{note}{power_usage.analyze_end()}')
      return result
  return wrapper

def power_usage_api2(note=''):
  def decorator(func):
      @wraps(func)
      def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
          power_usage.analyze_start()
          result = func(*args, **kwargs)
          print(f'{note}{power_usage.analyze_end()}')
          return result
      return wrapper
  return decorator

用法示例:

power_usage = PowerUsage()
power_usage.analyze_start()
# ----------------------
# xxx 某一段待分析的代码
# 这里以sleep表示运行时长
time.sleep(2)
# ----------------------
time_used, power_usage_gpu, power_usage_cpu = power_usage.analyze_end()
print(f'time_used: {time_used}')
print(f'power_usage_gpu: {power_usage_gpu}')
print(f'power_usage_cpu: {power_usage_cpu}')

关于浅谈Python实时检测CPU和GPU的功耗的文章就介绍至此,更多相关Python CPU和GPU功耗内容请搜索编程宝库以前的文章,希望以后支持编程宝库

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