python 密码验证(滑块验证)

题目描述：

(1)模拟登陆界面，判别用户名和密码，给出合适的提示，如果超过三次，锁定输入。用代替密码；或者最新输入显示，前面的变成；安全性措施。
(2)同时添加如下图的加强验证（京东）。
(3)在触动滚动条时再出现空缺位置。

拓展：

• 增加注册页面，可供用户注册新用户
• 增加数字验证码区别人机

解题思路/算法分析/问题及解决

滑块验证就是将滑块的移动和图片小块的移动相绑定，在滑块松开时触发相对应的检查函数，为了有一定的容错率，设定滑块的位置与设定的位置相差3个像素以内即算验证成功。

• 每次的位置随机生成，同时随即从14张事先准备好的图片中选取一张作为背景图。
• 图片小块和背景图片分别放在两个不同的QLabel容器中。
• 每次刷新时将背景图片的相应位置抠出放于图片小块中，并将背景图片的相应部分置为白色以示区别。
• 拓展：
• 新增注册页部分就是点击按钮弹出注册页的对话框，可在里面输入新用户信息并保存到用户信息字典中，随后可用新注册的用户登录。
• 数字验证码由4位数字0-9和字母a-z及A-Z组成，随机在可行字符集中选取4个字符组成四位验证码，然后自动生成验证码以图片的方式呈现给用户。

实验代码

登录主界面：
登录验证：

def check_login_func(self):
      if not self.validate_line.text():
          QMessageBox.warning(self, "警告", "还未输入验证码")
          return
      validate_slide = Validate_page()
      r = validate_slide.exec_()
      if not r:
          return
      if self.validate.upper() == self.validate_line.text().upper():
          if USER_PWD.get(self.user_line.text()) == self.pwd_line.text():
              QMessageBox.information(self, 'Information', 'Log in Successfully!')
              self.nums = 0
              self.refresh()
              # self.close()
              # self.STU.exec()
          else:
              QMessageBox.critical(self, 'Wrong', 'Wrong Username or Password!')
              self.nums = self.nums + 1
              if self.nums == 3:
                  QMessageBox.critical(self, "wrong", "密码输错次数已达三次！")
                  self.close()

          self.user_line.clear()
          self.pwd_line.clear()
          self.validate_line.clear()
      else:
          QMessageBox.critical(self, "wrong", "验证码输入有误！")
          self.refresh()
          self.validate_line.clear()

自动生成验证码图片：

def get_chars():
      """生成给定长度的字符串，返回列表格式"""

      return random.sample(chars, length)

  def create_lines():
      """绘制干扰线"""

      line_num = random.randint(*n_line)  # 干扰线条数

      for i in range(line_num):
          # 起始点
          begin = (random.randint(0, size[0]), random.randint(0, size[1]))
          # 结束点
          end = (random.randint(0, size[0]), random.randint(0, size[1]))
          draw.line([begin, end], fill=(0, 0, 0))

  def create_points():
      """绘制干扰点"""

      chance = min(100, max(0, int(point_chance)))  # 大小限制在[0, 100]

      for w in range(width):
          for h in range(height):
              tmp = random.randint(0, 100)
              if tmp > 100 - chance:
                  draw.point((w, h), fill=(0, 0, 0))

  def create_strs():
      """绘制验证码字符"""

      c_chars = get_chars()
      strs = ' %s ' % ' '.join(c_chars)  # 每个字符前后以空格隔开

      font = ImageFont.truetype(font_type, font_size)
      font_width, font_height = font.getsize(strs)

      draw.text(((width - font_width) / 3, (height - font_height) / 3),
                strs, font=font, fill=fg_color)

      return ''.join(c_chars)

  if draw_lines:
      create_lines()
  if draw_points:
      create_points()
  strs = create_strs()

  # 图形扭曲参数
  params = [1 - float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 100,
            0,
            0,
            0,
            1 - float(random.randint(1, 10)) / 100,
            float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500,
            0.001,
            float(random.randint(1, 2)) / 500
            ]
  img = img.transform(size, Image.PERSPECTIVE, params)  # 创建扭曲

  img = img.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE_MORE)  # 滤镜，边界加强（阈值更大）

  mstream = io.BytesIO()
  img.save(mstream, img_type)

  if save_img:
      img.save("validate.jpg", img_type)

  return mstream, strs

注册界面部分：
页面初始化：

def __init__(self):
      super(SigninPage, self).__init__()
      self.signin_user_label = QLabel('Username:', self)
      self.signin_pwd_label = QLabel('Password:', self)
      self.signin_pwd2_label = QLabel('Password:', self)
      self.signin_user_line = QLineEdit(self)
      self.signin_pwd_line = QLineEdit(self)
      self.signin_pwd2_line = QLineEdit(self)
      self.signin_button = QPushButton('Sign in', self)

      self.user_h_layout = QHBoxLayout()
      self.pwd_h_layout = QHBoxLayout()
      self.pwd2_h_layout = QHBoxLayout()
      self.all_v_layout = QVBoxLayout()

      self.lineedit_init()
      self.pushbutton_init()
      self.layout_init()

  def layout_init(self):
      self.user_h_layout.addWidget(self.signin_user_label)
      self.user_h_layout.addWidget(self.signin_user_line)
      self.pwd_h_layout.addWidget(self.signin_pwd_label)
      self.pwd_h_layout.addWidget(self.signin_pwd_line)
      self.pwd2_h_layout.addWidget(self.signin_pwd2_label)
      self.pwd2_h_layout.addWidget(self.signin_pwd2_line)

      self.all_v_layout.addLayout(self.user_h_layout)
      self.all_v_layout.addLayout(self.pwd_h_layout)
      self.all_v_layout.addLayout(self.pwd2_h_layout)
      self.all_v_layout.addWidget(self.signin_button)

      self.setLayout(self.all_v_layout)

  def lineedit_init(self):
      self.signin_user_line.setPlaceholderText("username")
      self.signin_pwd_line.setPlaceholderText("password")
      self.signin_pwd2_line.setPlaceholderText("password again")

      self.signin_pwd_line.setEchoMode(QLineEdit.Password)
      self.signin_pwd2_line.setEchoMode(QLineEdit.Password)

      self.signin_user_line.textChanged.connect(self.check_input_func)
      self.signin_pwd_line.textChanged.connect(self.check_input_func)
      self.signin_pwd2_line.textChanged.connect(self.check_input_func)

注册检验部分：

def check_signin_func(self):
      if self.signin_pwd_line.text() != self.signin_pwd2_line.text():
          QMessageBox.critical(self, 'Wrong', 'Two Passwords Typed Are Not Same!')
      elif self.signin_user_line.text() not in USER_PWD:
          USER_PWD[self.signin_user_line.text()] = self.signin_pwd_line.text()
          QMessageBox.information(self, 'Information', 'Register Successfully')
          self.close()
      else:
          QMessageBox.critical(self, 'Wrong', 'This Username Has Been Registered!')

      self.signin_user_line.clear()
      self.signin_pwd_line.clear()
      self.signin_pwd2_line.clear()

滑块验证部分：

class Validate_page(QDialog):
  def __init__(self):
      super(Validate_page, self).__init__()
      self.resize(600, 500)
      self.setWindowTitle("拖动滑块验证")
      self.initUI()
      self.Widget_init()
      self.refresh()
      # self.show()

  def initUI(self):
      # 初始化相关控件位置
      self.lb_bg = QLabel(self)
      self.lb_sl = QLabel(self)

      self.lb_bg.setStyleSheet("border: 2px solid red")
      # self.lb_sl.setStyleSheet("border: 2px solid blue")
      self.lb_bg.setGeometry(100, 100, 400, 200)

      self.lb_wz = QLabel(self)
      # self.lb_wz.setStyleSheet("border: 2px solid green")

      self.refresh()

      self.button = QPushButton("取消", self)
      self.button.setGeometry(400, 430, 100, 50)

      self.slider = QSlider(Qt.Horizontal, self)
      self.slider.setGeometry(100, 350, 400, 50)

  def Widget_init(self):
      # 初始化相关组件的信号连接
      self.slider.setMinimum(0)
      self.slider.setMaximum(360)
      self.slider.valueChanged.connect(self.slide)
      self.slider.sliderReleased.connect(self.check)
      self.button.clicked.connect(self.cancel)

  def slide(self, value):
      self.lb_sl.move(100 + value, self.answer_y)  # 将滑块与图片小块绑定
      # print(value)

  def refresh(self):
      import random
      # 随机生成验证区域
      self.answer_x = random.randint(100, 460)
      self.answer_y = random.randint(100, 260)
      pic = random.randint(0, 14)

      self.lb_sl.setGeometry(100, self.answer_y, 40, 40)
      self.lb_wz.setGeometry(self.answer_x, self.answer_y, 40, 40)
      img = cv2.imread(f"pic/{pic}.jpeg")  # 读取背景图片
      img = cv2.resize(img, (400, 200))
      x = self.answer_x - 100
      y = self.answer_y - 100
      img1 = copy.copy(img[y:y + 40, x:x + 40])  # 扣40*40的图片小块
      img[y:y + 40, x:x + 40] = 255  # 将被扣区域置为白色
      img = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)
      img1 = cv2.cvtColor(img1, cv2.COLOR_BGR2RGB)

      qt_img = QImage(img.data, 400, 200, QImage.Format_RGB888)
      qt_img1 = QImage(img1.data, 40, 40, QImage.Format_RGB888)
      self.lb_bg.setPixmap(QPixmap.fromImage(qt_img))
      self.lb_sl.setPixmap(QPixmap.fromImage(qt_img1))

  def check(self):  # 检验滑动验证是否成功
      # 获取设定区域坐标
      x = self.lb_sl.pos().x()
      y = self.lb_sl.pos().y()
      print(f"({x},{y})")
      if abs(x - self.answer_x) <= 3:  # 容错为3px
          QMessageBox.information(self, "恭喜", "验证成功")
          self.done(1)
      else:
          QMessageBox.critical(self, "错误", "验证失败")
          self.slider.setValue(0)
          self.refresh()

  def cancel(self):
      self.done(0)  # 点击取消滑动验证

运行结果

全部背景图片：

注册界面：

完整代码

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