Python MySQL基本操作及项目示例

一、数据库基础用法

要先配置环境变量,然后cmd安装:pip install pymysql

1、连接MySQL,并创建wzg库

#引入decimal模块
import pymysql

#连接数据库
db=pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='1234',charset='utf8')

#创建一个游标对象(相当于指针)
cursor=db.cursor()

#执行创建数据库语句
cursor.execute('create schema wzg default charset=utf8;')
cursor.execute('show databases;')

#fetchone获取一条数据(元组类型)
print(cursor.fetchone())
#现在指针到了[1]的位置

#fetchall获取全部数据(字符串类型)
all=cursor.fetchall()
for i in all:
  print(i[0])

#关闭游标和数据库连接
cursor.close()
db.close()

2、创建student表,并插入数据

import pymysql

#连接数据库,并打开wzg数据库(数据库已创建)
db=pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='1234',charset='utf8',db='wzg')

#创建游标对象
cursor=db.cursor()

try:
  #创建student表,并执行
  sql='''create table student(
     SNO char(10),
     SNAME varchar(20) NOT NULL,
     SSEX varchar(1),
     primary key(SNO)
     )default charset=utf8;'''
  cursor.execute(sql)
	
  #插入一条数据,并执行
  insert_sql='''
  insert into student values('200303016','王智刚','男'),('20030001','小明','男')
  '''
  cursor.execute(insert_sql)
	
  #将数据提交给数据库(加入数据,修改数据要先提交)
  db.commit()
	
  #执行查询语句
  cursor.execute('select * from student')
	
  #打印全部数据
  all=cursor.fetchall()
  for i in all:
      print(i)

#发生错误时,打印报错原因
except Exception as e:
  print(e)

#无论是否报错都执行
finally:
  cursor.close()
  db.close()

数据库中char和varchar的区别:

char类型的长度是固定的,varchar的长度是可变的。

例如:存储字符串'abc',使用char(10),表示存储的字符将占10个字节(包括7个空字符),

使用varchar(10),表示只占3个字节,10是最大值,当存储的字符小于10时,按照实际的长度存储。

 

二、项目:银行管理系统

完成功能:1.查询 2.取钱 3.存钱 4.退出

练习:创建信息表,并进行匹配

1、创建数据库为(bank),账户信息表为(account)

account_id(varchar(20)) Account_passwd(char(6)) Money(decimal(10,2))
001 123456 1000.00
002 456789 5000.00

2、拓展:进行账号和密码的匹配

请输入账号:001

请输入密码:123456

select * from account where account_id=001 and Account_passwd=123456
if cursor.fetchall():
登录成功
else:
登录失败
import pymysql

# 连接数据库
db = pymysql.connect(host='localhost', user='root', password='1234', charset='utf8')
cursor = db.cursor()

# 创建bank库
cursor.execute('create database bank charset utf8;')
cursor.execute('use bank;')

try:
  # # 创建表
  # sql = '''create table account(
  #    account_id varchar(20) NOT NULL,
  #    account_passwd char(6) NOT NULL,
  #    money decimal(10,2),
  #    primary key(account_id)
  #    );'''
  # cursor.execute(sql)

  # # 插入数据
  # insert_sql = '''
  # insert into account values('001','123456',1000.00),('002','456789',5000.00)
  # '''
  # cursor.execute(insert_sql)
  # db.commit()

  # # 查询所有数据
  # cursor.execute('select * from account')
  # all = cursor.fetchall()
  # for i in all:
  #     print(i)

  # 输入账号和密码
  z=input("请输入账号:")
  m=input("请输入密码:")
  
  # 从account表中进行账号和密码的匹配
  cursor.execute('select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s',(z,m))
  
  # 如果找到,则登录成功
  if cursor.fetchall():
      print('登录成功')
  else:
      print('登录失败')

except Exception as e:
  print(e)

finally:
  cursor.close()
  db.close()

1、进行初始化操作

import pymysql

# 创建bank库
CREATE_SCHEMA_SQL='''
  create schema bank charset utf8;
  '''

# 创建account表
CREATE_TABLE_SQL = '''
  create table account(
  account_id varchar(20) NOT NULL,
  account_passwd char(6) NOT NULL,
  # decimal用于保存精确数字的类型,decimal(10,2)表示总位数最大为12位,其中整数10位,小数2位
  money decimal(10,2),
  primary key(account_id)
  ) default charset=utf8;
  '''

# 创建银行账户
CREATE_ACCOUNT_SQL = '''
  insert into account values('001','123456',1000.00),('002','456789',5000.00);
  '''
  
# 初始化
def init():
  try:
      DB = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='1234',charset='utf8')
      cursor1 = DB.cursor()
      cursor1.execute(CREATE_SCHEMA_SQL)
      DB = pymysql.connect(host='localhost',user='root',password='1234',charset='utf8',database='bank')
      cursor2 = DB.cursor()
      cursor2.execute(CREATE_TABLE_SQL)
      cursor2.execute(CREATE_ACCOUNT_SQL)
      DB.commit()
      print('初始化成功')
      
except Exception as e:
  print('初始化失败',e)

finally:
  cursor1.close()
  cursor2.close()
  DB.close()  
  
  # 不让别人调用
if __name__ == "__main__":
  init()

2、登录检查,并选择操作

import pymysql

# 定义全局变量为空
DB=None

# 创建Account类
class Account():
  # 传入参数
  def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):
      self.account_id=account_id
      self.account_passwd=account_passwd
      
  # 登录检查
  def check_account(self):
      cursor=DB.cursor()
      try:
          # 把输入账号和密码进行匹配(函数体内部传入参数用self.)
          SQL="select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
          cursor.execute(SQL)
          
          # 匹配成功返回True,失败返回False
          if cursor.fetchall():
              return True
          else:
              return False

      except Exception as e:
          print("错误原因:",e)
      finally:
          cursor.close()

  # 查询余额
  # def query_money
  
  # 取钱
  # def reduce_money
  
  # 存钱
  # def add_money
  
def main():
  # 定义全局变量
  global DB
  
  # 连接bank库
  DB=pymysql.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="1234",database="bank")
  cursor=DB.cursor()
  
  # 输入账号和密码
  from_account_id=input("请输入账号:")
  from_account_passwd=input("请输入密码:")
  
  # 输入的参数传入给Account类,并创建account对象
  account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)
  
  # 调用check_account方法,进行登录检查
  if account.check_account():
      choose=input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")
      # 当输入不等于4的时候执行,等于4则退出
      while choose!="4":
          # 查询
          if choose=="1":
              print("111")
          # 取钱
          elif choose=="2":
              print("222")
          # 存钱
          elif choose=="3":
              print("333")
          # 上面操作完成之后,继续输入其他操作
          choose = input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")
      else:
          print("谢谢使用!")
  else:
      print("账号或密码错误")
  DB.close()
main()

3、加入查询功能

存在银行里的钱可能会产生利息,所以需要考虑余额为小数的问题,需要用到decimal库

import pymysql
# 引入decimal模块
import decimal
DB=None
class Account():

  def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):
      self.account_id=account_id
      self.account_passwd=account_passwd

  # 登录检查
  def check_account(self):
      cursor=DB.cursor()
      try:
          SQL="select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
          cursor.execute(SQL)
          if cursor.fetchall():
              return True
          else:
              return False
      except Exception as e:
          print("错误",e)
      finally:
          cursor.close()

  # 查询余额
  def query_money(self):
      cursor=DB.cursor()
      try:
          # 匹配账号密码,并返回money
          SQL="select money from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
          cursor.execute(SQL)
          money=cursor.fetchone()[0]
          # 如果账户有钱就返回金额,没钱返回0.00
          if money:
              # 返回值为decimal类型,quantize函数进行四舍五入,'0.00'表示保留两位小数
              return str(money.quantize(decimal.Decimal('0.00')))
          else:
              return 0.00
      except Exception as e:
          print("错误原因",e)
      finally:
          cursor.close()

def main():
  global DB
  DB=pymysql.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="1234",charset="utf8",database="bank")
  cursor=DB.cursor()
  from_account_id=input("请输入账号:")
  from_account_passwd=input("请输入密码:")
  account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)
  if account.check_account():
      choose=input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")
      while choose!="4":
          # 查询
          if choose=="1":
              # 调用query_money方法
              print("您的余额是%s元" % account.query_money())
          # 取钱
          elif choose=="2":
              print("222")
          # 存钱
          elif choose=="3":
              print("333")
          choose = input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")
      else:
          print("谢谢使用")
  else:
      print("账号或密码错误")
  DB.close()
main()

4、加入取钱功能

取钱存钱要用update来执行数据库,还要注意取钱需要考虑余额是否充足的问题

import pymysql
import decimal
DB=None
class Account():

  def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):
      self.account_id=account_id
      self.account_passwd=account_passwd

  # 登录检查
  def check_account(self):
      cursor=DB.cursor()
      try:
          SQL="select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
          cursor.execute(SQL)
          if cursor.fetchall():
              return True
          else:
              return False
      except Exception as e:
          print("错误",e)
      finally:
          cursor.close()

  # 查询余额
  def query_money(self):
      cursor=DB.cursor()
      try:
          SQL="select money from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
          cursor.execute(SQL)
          money=cursor.fetchone()[0]
          if money:
              return str(money.quantize(decimal.Decimal('0.00')))
          else:
              return 0.00
      except Exception as e:
          print("错误原因",e)
      finally:
          cursor.close()

  # 取钱(注意传入money参数)
  def reduce_money(self,money):
      cursor = DB.cursor()
      try:
          # 先调用query_money方法,查询余额
          has_money=self.query_money()
          
          # 所取金额小于余额则执行(注意类型转换)
          if decimal.Decimal(money) <= decimal.Decimal(has_money):
          
              # 进行数据更新操作
              SQL="update account set money=money-%s where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(money,self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
              cursor.execute(SQL)
              
              # rowcount进行行计数,行数为1则将数据提交给数据库
              if cursor.rowcount==1:
                  DB.commit()
                  return True
              else:
                  # rollback数据库回滚,行数不为1则不执行
                  DB.rollback()
                  return False
          else:
              print("余额不足")
      except Exception as e:
          print("错误原因",e)
      finally:
          cursor.close()
          
  # 存钱
  # def add_money

def main():
  global DB
  DB=pymysql.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="1234",charset="utf8",database="bank")
  cursor=DB.cursor()
  from_account_id=input("请输入账号:")
  from_account_passwd=input("请输入密码:")
  account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)
  if account.check_account():
      choose=input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")
      while choose!="4":
          # 查询
          if choose=="1":
              print("您的余额是%s元" % account.query_money())
          # 取钱
          elif choose=="2":
              # 先查询余额,再输入取款金额,防止取款金额大于余额
              money=input("您的余额是%s元,请输入取款金额" % account.query_money())
              # 调用reduce_money方法,money不为空则取款成功
              if account.reduce_money(money):
                  print("取款成功,您的余额还有%s元" % account.query_money())
              else:
                  print("取款失败!")
          # 存钱
          elif choose=="3":
              print("333")
          choose = input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")
      else:
          print("谢谢使用!")
  else:
      print("账号或密码错误")
  DB.close()
main()

5、加入存钱功能

存钱功能和取钱功能相似,而且不需要考虑余额的问题,至此已完善当前所有功能 

import pymysql
import decimal
DB=None
class Account():
  def __init__(self,account_id,account_passwd):
      self.account_id=account_id
      self.account_passwd=account_passwd

  # 登录检查
  def check_account(self):
      cursor=DB.cursor()
      try:
          SQL="select * from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
          cursor.execute(SQL)
          if cursor.fetchall():
              return True
          else:
              return False
      except Exception as e:
          print("错误",e)
      finally:
          cursor.close()

  # 查询余额
  def query_money(self):
      cursor=DB.cursor()
      try:
          SQL="select money from account where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
          cursor.execute(SQL)
          money=cursor.fetchone()[0]
          if money:
              return str(money.quantize(decimal.Decimal('0.00')))
          else:
              return 0.00
      except Exception as e:
          print("错误原因",e)
      finally:
          cursor.close()

  # 取钱
  def reduce_money(self,money):
      cursor = DB.cursor()
      try:
          has_money=self.query_money()
          if decimal.Decimal(money) <= decimal.Decimal(has_money):
              SQL="update account set money=money-%s where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(money,self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
              cursor.execute(SQL)
              if cursor.rowcount==1:
                  DB.commit()
                  return True
              else:
                  DB.rollback()
                  return False
          else:
              print("余额不足")
      except Exception as e:
          print("错误原因",e)
      finally:
          cursor.close()

  # 存钱
  def add_money(self,money):
      cursor = DB.cursor()
      try:
          SQL="update account set money=money+%s where account_id=%s and account_passwd=%s" %(money,self.account_id,self.account_passwd)
          cursor.execute(SQL)
          if cursor.rowcount==1:
              DB.commit()
              return True
          else:
              DB.rollback()
              return False
      except Exception as e:
          DB.rollback()
          print("错误原因",e)
      finally:
          cursor.close()

def main():
  global DB
  DB=pymysql.connect(host="localhost",user="root",passwd="1234",charset="utf8",database="bank")
  cursor=DB.cursor()
  from_account_id=input("请输入账号:")
  from_account_passwd=input("请输入密码:")
  account=Account(from_account_id,from_account_passwd)
  if account.check_account():
      choose=input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")
      while choose!="4":
          # 查询
          if choose=="1":
              print("您的余额是%s元" % account.query_money())
          # 取钱
          elif choose=="2":
              money=input("您的余额是%s元,请输入取款金额" % account.query_money())
              if account.reduce_money(money):
                  print("取款成功,您的余额还有%s元" % account.query_money())
              else:
                  print("取款失败!")
          # 存钱
          elif choose=="3":
              money=input("请输入存款金额:")
              if account.add_money(money):
                  print("存款成功,您的余额还有%s元,按任意键继续\n" % (account.query_money()))
              else:
                  print("存款失败,按任意键继续")
          choose = input("请输入操作:\n1、查询余额\n2、取钱\n3、存钱\n4、取卡\n")
      else:
          print("谢谢使用!")
  else:
      print("账号或密码错误")
  DB.close()
main() 

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