如何使用python爬取知乎热榜Top50数据

1、导入第三方库

import urllib.request,urllib.error  #请求网页
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup  # 解析数据
import sqlite3  # 导入数据库
import re # 正则表达式
import time # 获取当前时间

2、程序的主函数

def main():
  # 声明爬取网页
  baseurl = "https://www.zhihu.com/hot"
  # 爬取网页
  datalist = getData(baseurl)
  #保存数据
  dbname = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime()) # 
  dbpath = "zhihuTop50  " + dbname
  saveData(datalist,dbpath)

3、正则表达式匹配数据

#正则表达式
findlink = re.compile(r'<a class="css-hi1lih" href="(.*?)" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ') #问题链接
findid = re.compile(r'<div class="css-blkmyu">(.*?)</div>') #问题排名
findtitle = re.compile(r'<h1 class="css-3yucnr">(.*?)</h1>') #问题标题
findintroduce = re.compile(r'<div class="css-1o6sw4j">(.*?)</div>') #简要介绍
findscore = re.compile(r'<div class="css-1iqwfle">(.*?)</div>') #热门评分
findimg = re.compile(r'<img class="css-uw6cz9" src="(.*?)"/>') #文章配图

4、程序运行结果

5、程序源代码

import urllib.request,urllib.error
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import sqlite3
import re
import time

def main():
  # 声明爬取网页
  baseurl = "https://www.zhihu.com/hot"
  # 爬取网页
  datalist = getData(baseurl)
  #保存数据
  dbname = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d", time.localtime())
  dbpath = "zhihuTop50  " + dbname
  saveData(datalist,dbpath)
  print()
#正则表达式
findlink = re.compile(r'<a class="css-hi1lih" href="(.*?)" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ') #问题链接
findid = re.compile(r'<div class="css-blkmyu">(.*?)</div>') #问题排名
findtitle = re.compile(r'<h1 class="css-3yucnr">(.*?)</h1>') #问题标题
findintroduce = re.compile(r'<div class="css-1o6sw4j">(.*?)</div>') #简要介绍
findscore = re.compile(r'<div class="css-1iqwfle">(.*?)</div>') #热门评分
findimg = re.compile(r'<img class="css-uw6cz9" src="(.*?)"/>') #文章配图

def getData(baseurl):
  datalist = []
  html = askURL(baseurl)
  # print(html)

  soup = BeautifulSoup(html,'html.parser')
  for item in soup.find_all('a',class_="css-hi1lih"):
      # print(item)
      data = []
      item = str(item)

      Id = re.findall(findid,item)
      if(len(Id) == 0):
          Id = re.findall(r'<div class="css-mm8qdi">(.*?)</div>',item)[0]
      else: Id = Id[0]
      data.append(Id)
      # print(Id)

      Link = re.findall(findlink,item)[0]
      data.append(Link)
      # print(Link)

      Title = re.findall(findtitle,item)[0]
      data.append(Title)
      # print(Title)

      Introduce = re.findall(findintroduce,item)
      if(len(Introduce) == 0):
          Introduce = " "
      else:Introduce = Introduce[0]
      data.append(Introduce)
      # print(Introduce)

      Score = re.findall(findscore,item)[0]
      data.append(Score)
      # print(Score)

      Img = re.findall(findimg,item)
      if (len(Img) == 0):
          Img = " "
      else: Img = Img[0]
      data.append(Img)
      # print(Img)
      datalist.append(data)
  return datalist
def askURL(baseurl):
  # 设置请求头
  head = {
      # "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0;Win64;x64) AppleWebKit/537.36(KHTML, likeGecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.163Safari/537.36"
      "User-Agent": "Mozilla / 5.0(iPhone;CPUiPhoneOS13_2_3likeMacOSX) AppleWebKit / 605.1.15(KHTML, likeGecko) Version / 13.0.3Mobile / 15E148Safari / 604.1"
  }
  request = urllib.request.Request(baseurl, headers=head)
  html = ""
  try:
      response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
      html = response.read().decode("utf-8")
      # print(html)
  except urllib.error.URLError as e:
      if hasattr(e, "code"):
          print(e.code)
      if hasattr(e, "reason"):
          print(e.reason)
  return html
  print()
def saveData(datalist,dbpath):
  init_db(dbpath)
  conn = sqlite3.connect(dbpath)
  cur = conn.cursor()

  for data in datalist:
      sql = '''
      insert into Top50(
      id,info_link,title,introduce,score,img)
      values("%s","%s","%s","%s","%s","%s")'''%(data[0],data[1],data[2],data[3],data[4],data[5])
      print(sql)
      cur.execute(sql)
      conn.commit()
  cur.close()
  conn.close()
def init_db(dbpath):
  sql = '''
  create table Top50
  (
  id integer primary key autoincrement,
  info_link text,
  title text,
  introduce text,
  score text,
  img text
  )
  '''
  conn = sqlite3.connect(dbpath)
  cursor = conn.cursor()
  cursor.execute(sql)
  conn.commit()
  conn.close()

if __name__ =="__main__":
  main()

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