用 Python 定义 Schema 并生成 Parquet 文件详情
Java
和Python
实现 Avro 转换成Parquet
格式,chema
都是在 Avro 中定义的。这里要尝试的是如何定义Parquet
的Schema
, 然后据此填充数据并生成Parquet
文件。
一、简单字段定义
1、定义 Schema 并生成 Parquet 文件
import pandas as pd import pyarrow as pa import pyarrow.parquet as pq # 定义 Schema schema = pa.schema([ ('id', pa.int32()), ('email', pa.string()) ]) # 准备数据 ids = pa.array([1, 2], type = pa.int32()) emails = pa.array(['first@example.com', 'second@example.com'], pa.string()) # 生成 Parquet 数据 batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays( [ids, emails], schema = schema ) table = pa.Table.from_batches([batch]) # 写 Parquet 文件 plain.parquet pq.write_table(table, 'plain.parquet') import pandas as pd import pyarrow as pa import pyarrow . parquet as pq # 定义 Schema schema = pa . schema ( [ ( 'id' , pa . int32 ( ) ) , ( 'email' , pa . string ( ) ) ] ) # 准备数据 ids = pa . array ( [ 1 , 2 ] , type = pa . int32 ( ) ) emails = pa . array ( [ 'first@example.com' , 'second@example.com' ] , pa . string ( ) ) # 生成 Parquet 数据 batch = pa . RecordBatch . from_arrays ( [ ids , emails ] , schema = schema ) table = pa . Table . from_batches ( [ batch ] ) # 写 Parquet 文件 plain.parquet pq . write_table ( table , 'plain.parquet' )
2、验证 Parquet 数据文件
我们可以用工具 parquet-tools
来查看 plain.parquet
文件的数据和 Schema
$ parquet-tools schema plain.parquet message schema { optional int32 id; optional binary email (STRING); } $ parquet-tools cat --json plain.parquet {"id":1,"email":"first@example.com"} {"id":2,"email":"second@example.com"}
没问题,与我们期望的一致。也可以用 pyarrow
代码来获取其中的 Schema
和数据
schema = pq.read_schema('plain.parquet') print(schema) df = pd.read_parquet('plain.parquet') print(df.to_json()) schema = pq . read_schema ( 'plain.parquet' ) print ( schema ) df = pd . read_parquet ( 'plain.parquet' ) print ( df . to_json ( ) )
输出为:
schema = pq.read_schema('plain.parquet') print(schema) df = pd.read_parquet('plain.parquet') print(df.to_json()) schema = pq . read_schema ( 'plain.parquet' ) print ( schema ) df = pd . read_parquet ( 'plain.parquet' ) print ( df . to_json ( ) )
二、含嵌套字段定义
下面的 Schema
定义加入一个嵌套对象,在 address
下分 email_address
和 post_address
,Schema
定义及生成 Parquet
文件的代码如下
import pandas as pd import pyarrow as pa import pyarrow.parquet as pq # 内部字段 address_fields = [ ('email_address', pa.string()), ('post_address', pa.string()), ] # 定义 Parquet Schema,address 嵌套了 address_fields schema = pa.schema(j) # 准备数据 ids = pa.array([1, 2], type = pa.int32()) addresses = pa.array( [('first@example.com', 'city1'), ('second@example.com', 'city2')], pa.struct(address_fields) ) # 生成 Parquet 数据 batch = pa.RecordBatch.from_arrays( [ids, addresses], schema = schema ) table = pa.Table.from_batches([batch]) # 写 Parquet 数据到文件 pq.write_table(table, 'nested.parquet') import pandas as pd import pyarrow as pa import pyarrow . parquet as pq # 内部字段 address_fields = [ ( 'email_address' , pa . string ( ) ) , ( 'post_address' , pa . string ( ) ) , ] # 定义 Parquet Schema,address 嵌套了 address_fields schema = pa . schema ( j ) # 准备数据 ids = pa . array ( [ 1 , 2 ] , type = pa . int32 ( ) ) addresses = pa . array ( [ ( 'first@example.com' , 'city1' ) , ( 'second@example.com' , 'city2' ) ] , pa . struct ( address_fields ) ) # 生成 Parquet 数据 batch = pa . RecordBatch . from_arrays ( [ ids , addresses ] , schema = schema ) table = pa . Table . from_batches ( [ batch ] ) # 写 Parquet 数据到文件 pq . write_table ( table , 'nested.parquet' )
1、验证 Parquet 数据文件
同样用 parquet-tools
来查看下 nested.parquet
文件
$ parquet-tools schema nested.parquet message schema { optional int32 id; optional group address { optional binary email_address (STRING); optional binary post_address (STRING); } } $ parquet-tools cat --json nested.parquet {"id":1,"address":{"email_address":"first@example.com","post_address":"city1"}} {"id":2,"address":{"email_address":"second@example.com","post_address":"city2"}}
用 parquet-tools
看到的 Schama
并没有 struct
的字样,但体现了它 address
与下级属性的嵌套关系。
用 pyarrow
代码来读取 nested.parquet
文件的 Schema
和数据是什么样子
schema = pq.read_schema("nested.parquet") print(schema) df = pd.read_parquet('nested.parquet') print(df.to_json()) schema = pq . read_schema ( "nested.parquet" ) print ( schema ) df = pd . read_parquet ( 'nested.parquet' ) print ( df . to_json ( ) )
输出:
id: int32 -- field metadata -- PARQUET:field_id: '1' address: struct<email_address: string, post_address: string> child 0, email_address: string -- field metadata -- PARQUET:field_id: '3' child 1, post_address: string -- field metadata -- PARQUET:field_id: '4' -- field metadata -- PARQUET:field_id: '2' {"id":{"0":1,"1":2},"address":{"0":{"email_address":"first@example.com","post_address":"city1"},"1":{"email_address":"second@example.com","post_address":"city2"}}} id : int32 -- field metadata -- PARQUET : field_id : '1' address : struct & lt ; email_address : string , post_address : string & gt ; child 0 , email_address : string -- field metadata -- PARQUET : field_id : '3' child 1 , post_address : string -- field metadata -- PARQUET : field_id : '4' -- field metadata -- PARQUET : field_id : '2' { "id" : { "0" : 1 , "1" : 2 } , "address" : { "0" : { "email_address" : "first@example.com" , "post_address" : "city1" } , "1" : { "email_address" : "second@example.com" , "post_address" : "city2" } } }
数据当然是一样的,有略微不同的是显示的 Schema
中, address
标识为 struct<email_address: string, post_address: string>
, 明确的表明它是一个 struct
类型,而不是只展示嵌套层次。
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定义 Schema
并生成 Parquet
文件详情的文章就介绍至此,更多相关用 Python
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