如何在Java中异常处理
本文讲解"怎么在Java中异常处理",用于解决相关问题。
示例代码:
public class ExecDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { int[] nums = new int[4]; System.out.println("before the exception:"); try { //try代码块 try catch代码块可以嵌套 try{ nums[7] = 10; //数组越界 System.out.println("no exception:"); }catch(ArithmeticException e){ e.printStackTrace(); } }catch(ArithmeticException e) { //catch代码块 多个catch块 e.printStackTrace(); //打印异常信息 }catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){ // 捕获数组越界错误 捕获子类异常 e.printStackTrace(); }catch(Throwable e){ //捕获超类异常 Throwable是所有异常的超类 e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("after the exception"); } }
抛出异常:
public class ThrowDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { try { System.out.println("before throw:"); throw new ArithmeticException(); //throw关键字抛出一个ArithmeticException()异常(手动抛出异常) } catch (ArithmeticException e) { //捕获异常 System.out.println("exception caught:"); } System.out.println("after try{}catch{}:"); } }
重新抛出异常:
class Rethrow { public static void genException() { int[] numer = {2,4,6,8,10,12}; int[] demon = {2,0,3,4,0}; for(int i=0;i < numer.length;i++){ try { //try代码块 System.out.println(numer[i]/demon[i]); } catch (ArithmeticException e) { //多个catch()块 System.out.println("can't dev by zero:"); }catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { System.out.println("no error:"); throw e; //throw 重写抛出异常 } } } } public class RethrowDemo{ public static void main(String args[]) { try { Rethrow.genException(); } catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { //捕获重新抛出的异常 System.out.println("error error error error error:"); } finally{ //finally代码块在try catch执行完时执行的。 System.out.println("Leaving try."); } } }
throws语句:一个方法产生自己不做处理的异常,用throws抛出到外层(谁调用,谁处理异常)
public class ThrowsDemo { public static char prompt(String str) throws java.io.IOException{//prompt()方法产生自己不做处理的IOException异常,抛出到外层,谁调用谁处理异常 System.out.print(str +":"); return (char) System.in.read(); } public static void main(String[] args) { char ch; try { ch = prompt("enter a letter"); //prompt()可能抛出异常, } catch (java.io.IOException e) { //捕获prompt()抛出的异常 System.out.println("IOException occurred"); ch = 'x'; } System.out.println("you pressed:"+ ch); } }
可以用一个catch()捕获多个异常:
try{ } catch(ArithmeticException|ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){//同时捕获多个异常 }
自定义异常:
class NonIntResultException extends Exception{ //自定义异常继承子Exception int n ,d; NonIntResultException(int i,int j){ n = i; d = j; } public String toString() { return "result of "+ n +"/"+ d +" is non-integer."; } } public class CustomExceptionDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { int numer[] = {4,8,15,32,64,127,256,512}; int denom[] = {2,0,4,4,0,8}; for(int i=0;i<numer.length;i++) { try { if((numer[i]%2)!=0) { throw new NonIntResultException(numer[i],denom[i]); //抛出自定义异常 } System.out.println(numer[i] +"/"+ denom[i] +" is "+ numer[i]/denom[i]); } catch (ArithmeticException e) { //捕获ArithmeticException异常 System.out.println("can't divide by zero!"); }catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) { //捕获ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException 异常 System.out.println("no matching element found."); }catch (NonIntResultException e) { //捕获自定义异常 System.out.println(e); } } } }
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