SpringBoot 整合 EasyExcel的过程

 

为什么要用EasyExcel

由于apache poi和jxl,excelPOI都有一个严重的问题,就是非常消耗内存,特别处理数据量多时,速度慢并且时有异常发生,所以改用由阿里研发的easyExcel更可靠一些,它的官方建议对于1000行以内的采用原来poi的写法一次读写,但于1000行以上的数据,有用了一行行进行解析的方案,这样避免了内存的溢出。

 

1.EasyExcel简介

  • Java领域解析、生成Excel比较有名的框架有Apache poi、jxl等。但他们都存在一个严重的问题就是非常的耗内存。如果你的系统并发量不大的话可能还行,但是一旦并发上来后一定会OOM或 者JVM频繁的full gc。
  • EasyExcel是阿里巴巴开源的一个excel处理框架,以使用简单、节省内存著称。EasyExcel能大大减少占用内存的主要原因是在解析Excel时没有将文件数据一次性全部加载到内存中,而是从磁盘上一 行行读取数据,逐个解析。
  • EasyExcel采用一行一行的解析模式,并将一行的解析结果以观察者的模式通知处理 (AnalysisEventListener)

 

2.使用EasyExcel实现写

2.1 创建实体类

创建与Excel对应的实体类

/**
* @author xppll
* @date 2021/12/3 10:05
*/
@Data
public class DemoData {
  //设置excel表头名称,index表示对应的第几列
  @ExcelProperty(value = "学生编号",index = 0)
  private Integer sno;

  @ExcelProperty(value = "学生姓名",index = 1)
  private String sname;
}

ExcelProperty:指定当前字段对应excel中的那一列。可以根据名字或者Index去匹配。当然也可以不写,默认第一个字段就是index=0,以此类推。

2.2 测试写Excel

/**
* @author xppll
* @date 2021/12/3 10:08
*/
public class TestWriteExcel {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
      //实现excel写的操作
      //1.设置写入文件夹的地址和excel文件名称
      String fileName = "D:\\write.xlsx";

      //2.调用easyexcel里面方法实现写操作
      //传入:文件存放的路径+对应的实体类class
      EasyExcel.write(fileName, DemoData.class).sheet("学生列表").doWrite(getData());
  }

  //创建方法返回list集合(测试数据)
  private static List<DemoData> getData() {
      List<DemoData> list = new ArrayList<>();
      for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
          DemoData data = new DemoData();
          data.setSno(i);
          data.setSname("lucy" + i);
          list.add(data);
      }
      return list;
  }
}

结果如下

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3.使用EasyExcel实现读

3.1 创建读取操作的监听器

/**
* @author xppll
* @date 2021/12/3 10:29
*/
public class ExcelListener extends AnalysisEventListener<DemoData> {
  /**
   * 一行一行读取Excel中的内容
   *
   * @param data
   * @param analysisContext
   */
  @Override
  public void invoke(DemoData data, AnalysisContext analysisContext) {
      System.out.println("****" + data);
  }


  /**
   * 读取表头
   * @param headMap
   * @param context
   */
  @Override
  public void invokeHeadMap(Map<Integer, String> headMap, AnalysisContext context) {
      System.out.println("表头:"+headMap);
  }

  /**
   * 读取完成之后做的事
   *
   * @param analysisContext
   */
  @Override
  public void doAfterAllAnalysed(AnalysisContext analysisContext) {

  }
}

3.2 测试读Excel

/**
* @author xppll
* @date 2021/12/3 10:35
*/
public class TestReadExcel {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
      //读取文件的路径
      String fileName = "D:\\write.xlsx";
      //传入三个参数:文件路径+封装的类的class+监听器
      EasyExcel.read(fileName, DemoData.class,new ExcelListener())
          .sheet()
          .doRead();
  }
}

控制台输出如下

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4.springboot项目实践EasyExcel

通过在后台管理上传excel文件添加课程分类(一共两级分类)

4.1 pom中引入相关依赖

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
  <artifactId>easyexcel</artifactId>
  <version>3.0.5</version>
</dependency>

4.2 创建数据库表及添加数据

这里创建一个课程表用EasyExcel实现课程的分类

CREATE TABLE `edu_subject` (
`id` char(19) NOT NULL COMMENT '课程类别ID',
`title` varchar(10) NOT NULL COMMENT '类别名称',
`parent_id` char(19) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '父ID',
`sort` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '排序字段',
`gmt_create` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
`gmt_modified` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '更新时间',
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `idx_parent_id` (`parent_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 ROW_FORMAT=COMPACT COMMENT='课程科目';
INSERT INTO `edu_subject` VALUES ('1178214681118568449','后端开发','0',1,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178214681139539969','Java','1178214681118568449',1,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178214681181483010','前端开发','0',3,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178214681210843137','JavaScript','1178214681181483010',4,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178214681231814658','云计算','0',5,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178214681252786178','Docker','1178214681231814658',5,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178214681294729217','Linux','1178214681231814658',6,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178214681324089345','系统/运维','0',7,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178214681353449473','Linux','1178214681324089345',7,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178214681382809602','Windows','1178214681324089345',8,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178214681399586817','数据库','0',9,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178214681428946945','MySQL','1178214681399586817',9,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178214681454112770','MongoDB','1178214681399586817',10,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178214681483472898','大数据','0',11,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178214681504444418','Hadoop','1178214681483472898',11,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178214681529610242','Spark','1178214681483472898',12,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178214681554776066','人工智能','0',13,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178214681584136193','Python','1178214681554776066',13,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178214681613496321','编程语言','0',14,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178214681626079234','Java','1178214681613496321',14,'2019-09-29 15:47:25','2019-09-29 15:47:25'),('1178585108407984130','Python','1178214681118568449',2,'2019-09-30 16:19:22','2019-09-30 16:19:22'),('1178585108454121473','HTML/CSS','1178214681181483010',3,'2019-09-30 16:19:22','2019-09-30 16:19:22');

4.3 实体类

@Data
public class SubjectData {
  @ExcelProperty(index = 0)
  private String oneSubjectName;
  @ExcelProperty(index = 1)
  private String twoSubjectName;
}

/**
* 课程科目
* @author xppll
* @since 2021-12-03
*/
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
@Accessors(chain = true)
@ApiModel(value="EduSubject对象", description="课程科目")
public class EduSubject implements Serializable {

  private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

  @ApiModelProperty(value = "课程类别ID")
  @TableId(value = "id", type = IdType.ID_WORKER_STR)
  private String id;

  @ApiModelProperty(value = "类别名称")
  private String title;

  @ApiModelProperty(value = "父ID")
  private String parentId;

  @ApiModelProperty(value = "排序字段")
  private Integer sort;

  @ApiModelProperty(value = "创建时间")
  @TableField(fill = FieldFill.INSERT)
  private Date gmtCreate;

  @ApiModelProperty(value = "更新时间")
  @TableField(fill = FieldFill.INSERT_UPDATE)
  private Date gmtModified;
}

4.4 Controller层

@Autowired
private EduSubjectService subjectService;

//添加课程分类
//获取前端上传过来的excel文件,把文件内容读取出来保存到数据库
@PostMapping("addSubject")
public R addSubject(MultipartFile file){

  subjectService.saveSubject(file,subjectService);
  return R.ok();
}

4.5 Service层

//添加课程分类
@Override
public void saveSubject(MultipartFile file, EduSubjectService subjectService) {
  try {
      //得到文件的输入流
      InputStream in = file.getInputStream();
      //调用方法进行读取
      EasyExcel.read(in, SubjectData.class, new SubjectExcelListener(subjectService)).sheet().doRead();

  } catch (Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
  }

}

4.6 创建监听器(核心部分)

/**
* @author xppll
* @date 2021/12/3 12:02
*/
@Component
public class SubjectExcelListener extends AnalysisEventListener<SubjectData> {

  public EduSubjectService subjectService;

  public SubjectExcelListener(EduSubjectService subjectService) {
      this.subjectService = subjectService;
  }

  public SubjectExcelListener() {
  }

  //读取excel内容,一行一行读取
  @Override
  public void invoke(SubjectData subjectData, AnalysisContext analysisContext) {
      if (subjectData == null) {
          throw new GuliException(20001, "文件数据为空");
      }
      //一行一行读取,第一个值为一级分类,第二个值为二级分类

      //先判断一级分类是否重复
      EduSubject existOneSubject = this.existOneSubject(subjectData.getOneSubjectName(), subjectService);
      //没有相同的一级分类
      if(existOneSubject==null){
          existOneSubject=new EduSubject();
          existOneSubject.setParentId("0");
          existOneSubject.setTitle(subjectData.getOneSubjectName());
          subjectService.save(existOneSubject);
      }

      //获取一级分类的id值
      String pid=existOneSubject.getId();

      //判断二级分类是否重复
      EduSubject existTwoSubject = this.existTwoSubject(subjectData.getTwoSubjectName(), subjectService, pid);
      if(existTwoSubject==null){
          existTwoSubject=new EduSubject();
          existTwoSubject.setParentId(pid);
          existTwoSubject.setTitle(subjectData.getTwoSubjectName());
          subjectService.save(existTwoSubject);
      }
  }

  //判断一级分类不能重复添加
  private EduSubject existOneSubject(String name, EduSubjectService subjectService) {
      LambdaQueryWrapper<EduSubject> queryWrapper = new LambdaQueryWrapper<>();
      queryWrapper.eq(EduSubject::getTitle, name)
          .eq(EduSubject::getParentId, "0");
      EduSubject oneSubject = subjectService.getOne(queryWrapper);
      return oneSubject;
  }
  //判断二级分类不能重复添加
  private EduSubject existTwoSubject(String name, EduSubjectService subjectService,String pid) {
      LambdaQueryWrapper<EduSubject> queryWrapper = new LambdaQueryWrapper<>();
      queryWrapper.eq(EduSubject::getTitle, name)
          .eq(EduSubject::getParentId, pid);
      EduSubject twoSubject = subjectService.getOne(queryWrapper);
      return twoSubject;
  }
  @Override
  public void doAfterAllAnalysed(AnalysisContext analysisContext) {

  }
}

4.7 结果展示

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Excel模板如下

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上传后数据库数据如下

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如果想要详细使用可以参考官方文档:EasyExcel

 

总结

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