java 如何实现日志追踪MDC

 

java 日志追踪MDC

MDC ( Mapped Diagnostic Contexts ) 有了日志之后,我们就可以追踪各种线上问题。

但是,在分布式系统中,各种无关日志穿行其中,导致我们可能无法直接定位整个操作流程。

因此,我们可能需要对一个用户的操作流程进行归类标记,比如使用线程+时间戳,或者用户身份标识等;如此,我们可以从大量日志信息中grep出某个用户的操作流程,或者某个时间的流转记录。其目的是为了便于我们诊断线上问题而出现的方法工具类。

虽然,Slf4j 是用来适配其他的日志具体实现包的,但是针对 MDC功能,目前只有logback 以及 log4j 支持。 MDC

package org.slf4j; 
import java.io.Closeable;
import java.util.Map; 
import org.slf4j.helpers.NOPMDCAdapter;
import org.slf4j.helpers.BasicMDCAdapter;
import org.slf4j.helpers.Util;
import org.slf4j.impl.StaticMDCBinder;
import org.slf4j.spi.MDCAdapter; 
public class MDC { 
  static final String NULL_MDCA_URL = "http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#null_MDCA";
  static final String NO_STATIC_MDC_BINDER_URL = "http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#no_static_mdc_binder";
  static MDCAdapter mdcAdapter; 

  public static class MDCCloseable implements Closeable {
      private final String key; 
      private MDCCloseable(String key) {
          this.key = key;
      } 
      public void close() {
          MDC.remove(this.key);
      }
  } 
  private MDC() {
  }

  static {
      try {
          mdcAdapter = StaticMDCBinder.SINGLETON.getMDCA();
      } catch (NoClassDefFoundError ncde) {
          mdcAdapter = new NOPMDCAdapter();
          String msg = ncde.getMessage();
          if (msg != null && msg.indexOf("StaticMDCBinder") != -1) {
              Util.report("Failed to load class \"org.slf4j.impl.StaticMDCBinder\".");
              Util.report("Defaulting to no-operation MDCAdapter implementation.");
              Util.report("See " + NO_STATIC_MDC_BINDER_URL + " for further details.");
          } else {
              throw ncde;
          }
      } catch (Exception e) {
          // we should never get here
          Util.report("MDC binding unsuccessful.", e);
      }
  }

  public static void put(String key, String val) throws IllegalArgumentException {
      if (key == null) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException("key parameter cannot be null");
      }
      if (mdcAdapter == null) {
          throw new IllegalStateException("MDCAdapter cannot be null. See also " + NULL_MDCA_URL);
      }
      mdcAdapter.put(key, val);
  }

  public static MDCCloseable putCloseable(String key, String val) throws IllegalArgumentException {
      put(key, val);
      return new MDCCloseable(key);
  }

  public static String get(String key) throws IllegalArgumentException {
      if (key == null) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException("key parameter cannot be null");
      }

      if (mdcAdapter == null) {
          throw new IllegalStateException("MDCAdapter cannot be null. See also " + NULL_MDCA_URL);
      }
      return mdcAdapter.get(key);
  }

  public static void remove(String key) throws IllegalArgumentException {
      if (key == null) {
          throw new IllegalArgumentException("key parameter cannot be null");
      }

      if (mdcAdapter == null) {
          throw new IllegalStateException("MDCAdapter cannot be null. See also " + NULL_MDCA_URL);
      }
      mdcAdapter.remove(key);
  } 

  public static void clear() {
      if (mdcAdapter == null) {
          throw new IllegalStateException("MDCAdapter cannot be null. See also " + NULL_MDCA_URL);
      }
      mdcAdapter.clear();
  }

  public static Map<String, String> getCopyOfContextMap() {
      if (mdcAdapter == null) {
          throw new IllegalStateException("MDCAdapter cannot be null. See also " + NULL_MDCA_URL);
      }
      return mdcAdapter.getCopyOfContextMap();
  } 

  public static void setContextMap(Map<String, String> contextMap) {
      if (mdcAdapter == null) {
          throw new IllegalStateException("MDCAdapter cannot be null. See also " + NULL_MDCA_URL);
      }
      mdcAdapter.setContextMap(contextMap);
  } 
  public static MDCAdapter getMDCAdapter() {
      return mdcAdapter;
  } 
}

简单的demo

package com.alibaba.otter.canal.common; 
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.slf4j.MDC; 
public class LogTest {
  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogTest.class);
  public static void main(String[] args) {
      MDC.put("THREAD_ID", String.valueOf(Thread.currentThread().getId()));
      logger.info("纯字符串信息的info级别日志");
  }
}

logback.xml 配置

<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod=" 5 seconds">

  <jmxConfigurator />
  <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
      <encoder>
          <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger{56} %X{THREAD_ID} - %msg%n
          </pattern>
      </encoder>
  </appender>
  
  <root level="INFO">
      <appender-ref ref="STDOUT"/>
  </root>
</configuration

对应的输出日志 可以看到输出了THREAD_ID

2016-12-08 14:59:32.855 [main] INFO com.alibaba.otter.canal.common.LogTest THREAD_ID 1 - 纯字符串信息的info级别日志

slf4j只是起到适配的作用 故查看实现类LogbackMDCAdapter属性

final InheritableThreadLocal<Map<String, String>> copyOnInheritThreadLocal = new InheritableThreadLocal<Map<String, String>>();

InheritableThreadLocal 该类扩展了 ThreadLocal,为子线程提供从父线程那里继承的值:在创建子线程时,子线程会接收所有

可继承的线程局部变量的初始值,以获得父线程所具有的值。通常,子线程的值与父线程的值是一致的;但是,通过重写这个类中的 childValue 方法,子线程的值可以作为父线程值的一个任意函数。

当必须将变量(如用户 ID 和 事务 ID)中维护的每线程属性(per-thread-attribute)自动传送给创建的所有子线程时,应尽可能地采用可继承的线程局部变量,而不是采用普通的线程局部变量

验证一下

package com.alibaba.otter.canal.parse.driver.mysql; 
import org.junit.Test; 
public class TestInheritableThreadLocal {
  @Test
  public void testThreadLocal() {
      final ThreadLocal<String> local = new ThreadLocal<String>();  
      work(local);  
  }

  @Test
  public void testInheritableThreadLocal() {
      final ThreadLocal<String> local = new InheritableThreadLocal<String>();  
      work(local);
  }
  private void work(final ThreadLocal<String> local) {  
      local.set("a");  
      System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "," + local.get());  
      Thread t = new Thread(new Runnable() {  
            
          @Override  
          public void run() {  
              System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "," + local.get());  
              local.set("b");  
              System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "," + local.get());  
          }  
      });  
        
      t.start();  
      try {  
          t.join();  
      } catch (InterruptedException e) {  
          e.printStackTrace();  
      }            
      System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + "," + local.get());  
  }  
}

分别运行得到的输出结果

ThreadLocal 存贮输出结果
Thread[main,5,main],a
Thread[Thread-0,5,main],null
Thread[Thread-0,5,main],b
Thread[main,5,main],a
InheritableThreadLocal存贮输出结果
Thread[main,5,main],a
Thread[Thread-0,5,main],a
Thread[Thread-0,5,main],b
Thread[main,5,main],a

输出结果说明一切 对于参数传递十分有用 我知道 canal的源码中用到了MDC

在 CanalServerWithEmbedded 中的 start 和stop等方法中都有用到

  public void start(final String destination) {
      final CanalInstance canalInstance = canalInstances.get(destination);
      if (!canalInstance.isStart()) {
          try {
              MDC.put("destination", destination);
              canalInstance.start();
              logger.info("start CanalInstances[{}] successfully", destination);
          } finally {
              MDC.remove("destination");
          }
      }
  }

  public void stop(String destination) {
      CanalInstance canalInstance = canalInstances.remove(destination);
      if (canalInstance != null) {
          if (canalInstance.isStart()) {
              try {
                  MDC.put("destination", destination);
                  canalInstance.stop();
                  logger.info("stop CanalInstances[{}] successfully", destination);
              } finally {
                  MDC.remove("destination");
              }
          }
      }
  }

 

MDC的介绍及使用

1、MDC是什么?

MDC是(Mapped Diagnostic Context,映射调试上下文)是 log4j 和 logback 支持的一种方便在多线程条件下记录追踪日志的功能。通常打印出的日志会有线程号等信息来标志当前日志属于哪个线程,然而由于线程是可以重复使用的,所以并不能很清晰的确认一个请求的日志范围。处理这种情况一般有两种处理方式:

1)手动生成一个唯一序列号打印在日志中;

2)使用日志控件提供的MDC功能,生成一个唯一序列标记一个线程的日志;

两种方法的区别在于:

方法一只能标记一条日志,线程内其他日志需要人肉去筛选;

方法二标记整个线程的所有日志,方便grep命令查询;

对比可见,使用MDC功能更好。

2、MDC的原理

MDC 可以看成是一个与当前线程绑定的哈希表,可以往其中添加键值对。MDC 中包含的内容可以被同一线程中执行的代码所访问。当前线程的子线程会继承其父线程中的 MDC 的内容。当需要记录日志时,只需要从 MDC 中获取所需的信息即可。MDC 的内容则由程序在适当的时候保存进去。对于一个 Web 应用来说,通常是在请求被处理的最开始保存这些数据。

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest(classes=CreditAppApplication.class)
publicclassMDCTest{

@Test
publicvoidmdcTest1(){
MDC.put("first","thefirst1");

Loggerlogger=LoggerFactory.getLogger(MDCTest.class);
MDC.put("last","thelast1");

logger.info("checkenclosed.");
logger.debug("themostbeautifultwowordsinenglish.");

MDC.put("first","thefirst2");
MDC.put("last","thelast2");

logger.info("iamnotacrook.");
logger.info("AttributedtotheformerUSpresident.17Nov1973.");
}
}

logback的配置:

3、MDC的使用

@Component
@Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
publicclassGlobalLogTagConfigextendsOncePerRequestFilter{
privatestaticfinalStringGLOBAL_LOG_TAG="GLOG_TAG"; 
privatestaticStringgenerateSeqNo(){
returnUUID.randomUUID().toString().replace("-","").substring(0,12);
}

@Override
protectedvoiddoFilterInternal(HttpServletRequesthttpServletRequest,HttpServletResponsehttpServletResponse,FilterChainfilterChain)throwsServletException,IOException{
try{
StringseqNo;
if(httpServletRequest!=null){
seqNo=httpServletRequest.getHeader(GLOBAL_LOG_TAG);

if(StringUtils.isEmpty(seqNo)){
seqNo=generateSeqNo();
}
}else{
seqNo=generateSeqNo();
}
MDC.put(GLOBAL_LOG_TAG,seqNo);
filterChain.doFilter(httpServletRequest,httpServletResponse);
}finally{
MDC.remove(GLOBAL_LOG_TAG);
}
}
}

注意:

OncePerRequestFilter的作用是为了让每个请求只经过这个过滤器一次(因为web container的不同,有些过滤器可能被多次执行)

logback配置:

以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持编程宝库

在本讲,我们来学习一下行为型模式里面的第四个设计模式,即责任链模式。 概述在学习责任链模式之前,我们先来看一下下面这段描述。在现实生活中,常常会出现这样的事例:一个请求有多个对象可以处理, ...