HiveQL Select Where
Hive查询语言(HiveQL)是 Hive 在 Metastore 中处理和分析结构化数据的查询语言。
本章介绍如何在 SELECT 语句中使用 WHERE 子句。
SELECT 语句用于从表中检索数据,WHERE 子句中包含条件。
SELECT 语句使用条件过滤数据并给出有限的结果。
内置的运算符和函数生成满足条件的表达式。
语法
下面给出的是SELECT查询的语法:
SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT] select_expr, select_expr, ... FROM table_reference [WHERE where_condition] [GROUP BY col_list] [HAVING having_condition] [CLUSTER BY col_list | [DISTRIBUTE BY col_list] [SORT BY col_list]] [LIMIT number];
范例
让我们以SELECT ... WHERE子句为例。假设我们有下面给出的员工表,其中包含名为Id,Name,Salary,Designation和Dept的字段。生成一个查询来检索获得超过30000卢比工资的员工详细信息。
+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+ | ID | Name | Salary | Designation | Dept | +------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+ |1201 | Gopal | 45000 | Technical manager | TP | |1202 | Manisha | 45000 | Proofreader | PR | |1203 | Masthanvali | 40000 | Technical writer | TP | |1204 | Krian | 40000 | Hr Admin | HR | |1205 | Kranthi | 30000 | Op Admin | Admin | +------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+
以下查询使用上述方案检索员工详细信息:
hive> SELECT * FROM employee WHERE salary>30000;
成功执行查询后,您将看到以下响应:
+------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+ | ID | Name | Salary | Designation | Dept | +------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+ |1201 | Gopal | 45000 | Technical manager | TP | |1202 | Manisha | 45000 | Proofreader | PR | |1203 | Masthanvali | 40000 | Technical writer | TP | |1204 | Krian | 40000 | Hr Admin | HR | +------+--------------+-------------+-------------------+--------+
JDBC程序
用于给出示例的where子句的JDBC程序如下。
import java.sql.SQLException; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.ResultSet; import java.sql.Statement; import java.sql.DriverManager; public class HiveQLWhere { private static String driverName = "org.apache.hadoop.hive.jdbc.HiveDriver"; public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException { // Register driver and create driver instance Class.forName(driverName); // get connection Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:hive://localhost:10000/userdb", "", ""); // create statement Statement stmt = con.createStatement(); // execute statement Resultset res = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM employee WHERE salary>30000;"); System.out.println("Result:"); System.out.println(" ID \t Name \t Salary \t Designation \t Dept "); while (res.next()) { System.out.println(res.getInt(1) + " " + res.getString(2) + " " + res.getDouble(3) + " " + res.getString(4) + " " + res.getString(5)); } con.close(); } }
将该程序保存在名为HiveQLWhere.java的文件中。使用以下命令来编译和执行该程序。
$ javac HiveQLWhere.java $ java HiveQLWhere
输出
ID Name Salary Designation Dept 1201 Gopal 45000 Technical manager TP 1202 Manisha 45000 Proofreader PR 1203 Masthanvali 40000 Technical writer TP 1204 Krian 40000 Hr Admin HR
本章介绍如何在 SELECT 语句中使用 ORDER BY 子句。ORDER BY子句用于基于一列检索信息,并按升序或降序对结果集进行排序。 语法下面给出的是ORDER BY子句的语法 ...