SQL LEFT JOIN 关键字
从左表返回所有的行,不管关联的右表中有没有匹配。如果右表中没有匹配的记录,那么右表字段的值均补为 NULL。
1. LEFT JOIN 语法
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
LEFT JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
FROM table1
LEFT JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
或:
SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table1
LEFT OUTER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
FROM table1
LEFT OUTER JOIN table2
ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name;
注释:在某些数据库中,LEFT JOIN 称为 LEFT OUTER JOIN。
样本数据库
在本教程中,我们将使用 CodeBaoku 样本数据库。
下面是选自 "Websites" 表的数据:
+----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+ | id | name | url | alexa | country | +----+--------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+ | 1 | Google | https://www.google.cm/ | 1 | USA | | 2 | 淘宝 | https://www.taobao.com/ | 13 | CN | | 3 | 编程宝库 | http://www.codebaoku.com/ | 4689 | CN | | 4 | 微博 | http://weibo.com/ | 20 | CN | | 5 | Facebook | https://www.facebook.com/ | 3 | USA | | 7 | stackoverflow | http://stackoverflow.com/ | 0 | IND | +----+---------------+---------------------------+-------+---------+
下面是 "access_log" 网站访问记录表的数据:
+-----+---------+-------+------------+ | aid | site_id | count | date | +-----+---------+-------+------------+ | 1 | 1 | 45 | 2016-05-10 | | 2 | 3 | 100 | 2016-05-13 | | 3 | 1 | 230 | 2016-05-14 | | 4 | 2 | 10 | 2016-05-14 | | 5 | 5 | 205 | 2016-05-14 | | 6 | 4 | 13 | 2016-05-15 | | 7 | 3 | 220 | 2016-05-15 | | 8 | 5 | 545 | 2016-05-16 | | 9 | 3 | 201 | 2016-05-17 | +-----+---------+-------+------------+
2. LEFT JOIN 范例
下面的 SQL 语句将返回所有网站及他们的访问量。
以下范例中我们把 Websites 作为左表,access_log 作为右表:
SELECT Websites.name, access_log.count, access_log.date FROM Websites LEFT JOIN access_log ON Websites.id=access_log.site_id ORDER BY access_log.count; 执行结果: +----+---------------+-------+------------+ | id | name | count | date | +----+---------------+-------+------------+ | 7 | stackoverflow | NULL | NULL | | 2 | 淘宝 | 10 | 2016-05-14 | | 4 | 微博 | 13 | 2016-05-15 | | 1 | Google | 45 | 2016-05-10 | | 3 | 编程宝库 | 100 | 2016-05-13 | | 3 | 编程宝库 | 201 | 2016-05-17 | | 5 | Facebook | 205 | 2016-05-14 | | 3 | 编程宝库 | 220 | 2016-05-15 | | 1 | Google | 230 | 2016-05-14 | | 5 | Facebook | 545 | 2016-05-16 | +----+------------+-------+---------------+
注释:LEFT JOIN 关键字从左表(Websites)返回所有的行,即使右表(access_log)中没有匹配。
从右表返回所有的行,不管关联的左表中有没有匹配。如果左表中没有匹配的记录,那么左表字段的值均补为NULL。SQL RIGHT JOIN 语法:SELECT column_name(s) FROM table1 RIGHT JOIN table2 ON table1.column_name=table2.column_name。